bsm-application.cc

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/*
 * Copyright (c) 2014 North Carolina State University
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation;
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 *
 * Author: Scott E. Carpenter <scarpen@ncsu.edu>
 *
 */
 
#include "ns3/bsm-application.h"
 
#include "ns3/log.h"
#include "ns3/mobility-helper.h"
#include "ns3/mobility-model.h"
#include "ns3/wave-helper.h"
#include "ns3/wave-mac-helper.h"
#include "ns3/wave-net-device.h"
 
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE("BsmApplication");
 
namespace ns3
{
 
// (Arbitrary) port for establishing socket to transmit WAVE BSMs
int BsmApplication::wavePort = 9080;
 
NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED(BsmApplication);
 
TypeId
BsmApplication::GetTypeId()
{
    static TypeId tid = TypeId("ns3::BsmApplication")
                            .SetParent<Application>()
                            .SetGroupName("Wave")
                            .AddConstructor<BsmApplication>();
    return tid;
}
 
BsmApplication::BsmApplication()
    : m_waveBsmStats(nullptr),
      m_txSafetyRangesSq(),
      m_TotalSimTime(Seconds(10)),
      m_wavePacketSize(200),
      m_numWavePackets(1),
      m_waveInterval(MilliSeconds(100)),
      m_gpsAccuracyNs(10000),
      m_adhocTxInterfaces(nullptr),
      m_nodesMoving(nullptr),
      m_unirv(nullptr),
      m_nodeId(0),
      m_chAccessMode(0),
      m_txMaxDelay(MilliSeconds(10)),
      m_prevTxDelay(MilliSeconds(0))
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
}
 
BsmApplication::~BsmApplication()
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
}
 
void
BsmApplication::DoDispose()
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
 
    // chain up
    Application::DoDispose();
}
 
// Application Methods
void
BsmApplication::StartApplication() // Called at time specified by Start
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
 
    // setup generation of WAVE BSM messages
    Time waveInterPacketInterval = m_waveInterval;
 
    // BSMs are not transmitted for the first second
    Time startTime = Seconds(1.0);
    // total length of time transmitting WAVE packets
    Time totalTxTime = m_TotalSimTime - startTime;
    // total WAVE packets needing to be sent
    m_numWavePackets = (uint32_t)(totalTxTime.GetDouble() / m_waveInterval.GetDouble());
 
    TypeId tid = TypeId::LookupByName("ns3::UdpSocketFactory");
 
    // every node broadcasts WAVE BSM to potentially all other nodes
    Ptr<Socket> recvSink = Socket::CreateSocket(GetNode(m_nodeId), tid);
    recvSink->SetRecvCallback(MakeCallback(&BsmApplication::ReceiveWavePacket, this));
    InetSocketAddress local = InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address::GetAny(), wavePort);
    recvSink->BindToNetDevice(GetNetDevice(m_nodeId));
    recvSink->Bind(local);
    recvSink->SetAllowBroadcast(true);
 
    // dest is broadcast address
    InetSocketAddress remote = InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address("255.255.255.255"), wavePort);
    recvSink->Connect(remote);
 
    // Transmission start time for each BSM:
    // We assume that the start transmission time
    // for the first packet will be on a ns-3 time
    // "Second" boundary - e.g., 1.0 s.
    // However, the actual transmit time must reflect
    // additional effects of 1) clock drift and
    // 2) transmit delay requirements.
    // 1) Clock drift - clocks are not perfectly
    // synchronized across all nodes.  In a VANET
    // we assume all nodes sync to GPS time, which
    // itself is assumed  accurate to, say, 40-100 ns.
    // Thus, the start transmission time must be adjusted
    // by some value, t_drift.
    // 2) Transmit delay requirements - The US
    // minimum performance requirements for V2V
    // BSM transmission expect a random delay of
    // +/- 5 ms, to avoid simultaneous transmissions
    // by all vehicles congesting the channel.  Thus,
    // we need to adjust the start transmission time by
    // some value, t_tx_delay.
    // Therefore, the actual transmit time should be:
    // t_start = t_time + t_drift + t_tx_delay
    // t_drift is always added to t_time.
    // t_tx_delay is supposed to be +/- 5ms, but if we
    // allow negative numbers the time could drift to a value
    // BEFORE the interval start time (i.e., at 100 ms
    // boundaries, we do not want to drift into the
    // previous interval, such as at 95 ms.  Instead,
    // we always want to be at the 100 ms interval boundary,
    // plus [0..10] ms tx delay.
    // Thus, the average t_tx_delay will be
    // within the desired range of [0..10] ms of
    // (t_time + t_drift)
 
    // WAVE devices sync to GPS time
    // and all devices would like to begin broadcasting
    // their safety messages immediately at the start of
    // the CCH interval.  However, if all do so, then
    // significant collisions occur.  Thus, we assume there
    // is some GPS sync accuracy on GPS devices,
    // typically 40-100 ns.
    // Get a uniformly random number for GPS sync accuracy, in ns.
    Time tDrift = NanoSeconds(m_unirv->GetInteger(0, m_gpsAccuracyNs));
 
    // When transmitting at a default rate of 10 Hz,
    // the subsystem shall transmit every 100 ms +/-
    // a random value between 0 and 5 ms. [MPR-BSMTX-TXTIM-002]
    // Source: CAMP Vehicle Safety Communications 4 Consortium
    // On-board Minimum Performance Requirements
    // for V2V Safety Systems Version 1.0, December 17, 2014
    // max transmit delay (default 10ms)
    // get value for transmit delay, as number of ns
    uint32_t d_ns = static_cast<uint32_t>(m_txMaxDelay.GetInteger());
    // convert random tx delay to ns-3 time
    // see note above regarding centering tx delay
    // offset by 5ms + a random value.
    Time txDelay = NanoSeconds(m_unirv->GetInteger(0, d_ns));
    m_prevTxDelay = txDelay;
 
    Time txTime = startTime + tDrift + txDelay;
    // schedule transmission of first packet
    Simulator::ScheduleWithContext(recvSink->GetNode()->GetId(),
                                   txTime,
                                   &BsmApplication::GenerateWaveTraffic,
                                   this,
                                   recvSink,
                                   m_wavePacketSize,
                                   m_numWavePackets,
                                   waveInterPacketInterval,
                                   m_nodeId);
}
 
void
BsmApplication::StopApplication() // Called at time specified by Stop
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
}
 
void
BsmApplication::Setup(Ipv4InterfaceContainer& i,
                      int nodeId,
                      Time totalTime,
                      uint32_t wavePacketSize, // bytes
                      Time waveInterval,
                      double gpsAccuracyNs,
                      std::vector<double> rangesSq, // m ^2
                      Ptr<WaveBsmStats> waveBsmStats,
                      std::vector<int>* nodesMoving,
                      int chAccessMode,
                      Time txMaxDelay)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
 
    m_unirv = CreateObject<UniformRandomVariable>();
 
    m_TotalSimTime = totalTime;
    m_wavePacketSize = wavePacketSize;
    m_waveInterval = waveInterval;
    m_gpsAccuracyNs = gpsAccuracyNs;
    int size = rangesSq.size();
    m_waveBsmStats = waveBsmStats;
    m_nodesMoving = nodesMoving;
    m_chAccessMode = chAccessMode;
    m_txSafetyRangesSq.clear();
    m_txSafetyRangesSq.resize(size, 0);
 
    for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
    {
        // stored as square of value, for optimization
        m_txSafetyRangesSq[index] = rangesSq[index];
    }
 
    m_adhocTxInterfaces = &i;
    m_nodeId = nodeId;
    m_txMaxDelay = txMaxDelay;
}
 
void
BsmApplication::GenerateWaveTraffic(Ptr<Socket> socket,
                                    uint32_t pktSize,
                                    uint32_t pktCount,
                                    Time pktInterval,
                                    uint32_t sendingNodeId)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
 
    // more packets to send?
    if (pktCount > 0)
    {
        // for now, we cannot tell if each node has
        // started mobility.  so, as an optimization
        // only send if  this node is moving
        // if not, then skip
        int txNodeId = sendingNodeId;
        Ptr<Node> txNode = GetNode(txNodeId);
        Ptr<MobilityModel> txPosition = txNode->GetObject<MobilityModel>();
        NS_ASSERT(txPosition);
 
        int senderMoving = m_nodesMoving->at(txNodeId);
        if (senderMoving != 0)
        {
            // send it!
            socket->Send(Create<Packet>(pktSize));
            // count it
            m_waveBsmStats->IncTxPktCount();
            m_waveBsmStats->IncTxByteCount(pktSize);
            int wavePktsSent = m_waveBsmStats->GetTxPktCount();
            if ((m_waveBsmStats->GetLogging() != 0) && ((wavePktsSent % 1000) == 0))
            {
                NS_LOG_UNCOND("Sending WAVE pkt # " << wavePktsSent);
            }
 
            // find other nodes within range that would be
            // expected to receive this broadbast
            int nRxNodes = m_adhocTxInterfaces->GetN();
            for (int i = 0; i < nRxNodes; i++)
            {
                Ptr<Node> rxNode = GetNode(i);
                int rxNodeId = rxNode->GetId();
 
                if (rxNodeId != txNodeId)
                {
                    Ptr<MobilityModel> rxPosition = rxNode->GetObject<MobilityModel>();
                    NS_ASSERT(rxPosition);
                    // confirm that the receiving node
                    // has also started moving in the scenario
                    // if it has not started moving, then
                    // it is not a candidate to receive a packet
                    int receiverMoving = m_nodesMoving->at(rxNodeId);
                    if (receiverMoving == 1)
                    {
                        double distSq = MobilityHelper::GetDistanceSquaredBetween(txNode, rxNode);
                        if (distSq > 0.0)
                        {
                            // dest node within range?
                            int rangeCount = m_txSafetyRangesSq.size();
                            for (int index = 1; index <= rangeCount; index++)
                            {
                                if (distSq <= m_txSafetyRangesSq[index - 1])
                                {
                                    // we should expect dest node to receive broadcast pkt
                                    m_waveBsmStats->IncExpectedRxPktCount(index);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
 
        // every BSM must be scheduled with a tx time delay
        // of +/- (5) ms.  See comments in StartApplication().
        // we handle this as a tx delay of [0..10] ms
        // from the start of the pktInterval boundary
        uint32_t d_ns = static_cast<uint32_t>(m_txMaxDelay.GetInteger());
        Time txDelay = NanoSeconds(m_unirv->GetInteger(0, d_ns));
 
        // do not want the tx delay to be cumulative, so
        // deduct the previous delay value.  thus we adjust
        // to schedule the next event at the next pktInterval,
        // plus some new [0..10] ms tx delay
        Time txTime = pktInterval - m_prevTxDelay + txDelay;
        m_prevTxDelay = txDelay;
 
        Simulator::ScheduleWithContext(socket->GetNode()->GetId(),
                                       txTime,
                                       &BsmApplication::GenerateWaveTraffic,
                                       this,
                                       socket,
                                       pktSize,
                                       pktCount - 1,
                                       pktInterval,
                                       socket->GetNode()->GetId());
    }
    else
    {
        socket->Close();
    }
}
 
void
BsmApplication::ReceiveWavePacket(Ptr<Socket> socket)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
 
    Ptr<Packet> packet;
    Address senderAddr;
    while ((packet = socket->RecvFrom(senderAddr)))
    {
        Ptr<Node> rxNode = socket->GetNode();
 
        if (InetSocketAddress::IsMatchingType(senderAddr))
        {
            InetSocketAddress addr = InetSocketAddress::ConvertFrom(senderAddr);
            int nodes = m_adhocTxInterfaces->GetN();
            for (int i = 0; i < nodes; i++)
            {
                if (addr.GetIpv4() == m_adhocTxInterfaces->GetAddress(i))
                {
                    Ptr<Node> txNode = GetNode(i);
                    HandleReceivedBsmPacket(txNode, rxNode);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
 
void
BsmApplication::HandleReceivedBsmPacket(Ptr<Node> txNode, Ptr<Node> rxNode)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
 
    m_waveBsmStats->IncRxPktCount();
 
    Ptr<MobilityModel> rxPosition = rxNode->GetObject<MobilityModel>();
    NS_ASSERT(rxPosition);
    // confirm that the receiving node
    // has also started moving in the scenario
    // if it has not started moving, then
    // it is not a candidate to receive a packet
    int rxNodeId = rxNode->GetId();
    int receiverMoving = m_nodesMoving->at(rxNodeId);
    if (receiverMoving == 1)
    {
        double rxDistSq = MobilityHelper::GetDistanceSquaredBetween(rxNode, txNode);
        if (rxDistSq > 0.0)
        {
            int rangeCount = m_txSafetyRangesSq.size();
            for (int index = 1; index <= rangeCount; index++)
            {
                if (rxDistSq <= m_txSafetyRangesSq[index - 1])
                {
                    m_waveBsmStats->IncRxPktInRangeCount(index);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
 
int64_t
BsmApplication::AssignStreams(int64_t streamIndex)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
 
    NS_ASSERT(m_unirv); // should be set by Setup() prevoiusly
    m_unirv->SetStream(streamIndex);
 
    return 1;
}
 
Ptr<Node>
BsmApplication::GetNode(int id)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
 
    std::pair<Ptr<Ipv4>, uint32_t> interface = m_adhocTxInterfaces->Get(id);
    Ptr<Ipv4> pp = interface.first;
    Ptr<Node> node = pp->GetObject<Node>();
 
    return node;
}
 
Ptr<NetDevice>
BsmApplication::GetNetDevice(int id)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
 
    std::pair<Ptr<Ipv4>, uint32_t> interface = m_adhocTxInterfaces->Get(id);
    Ptr<Ipv4> pp = interface.first;
    Ptr<NetDevice> device = pp->GetObject<NetDevice>();
 
    return device;
}
 
} // namespace ns3